End of Session 2008: Summary of Issues
Budget/Capital:
- Governor’s Proposed FY 2009 Budget: The Governor once again proposed an ambitious and controversial budget for FY 2009 that was almost immediately rebuked by lawmakers and the business community alike. Unlike his previous budget proposals, the Governor attempted to extend an olive branch to businesses by offering a limited one-time tax credit under the guise of an economic stimulus package. That tax credit, however, also came with a hefty price tag for businesses as the Governor once again sought a new $1 billion payroll tax to fund a massive expansion in healthcare in addition to a $500 million business tax increase achieved through an increase in the state tax on gaming and closure of more corporate income tax “loopholes.”
The Governor’s proposed budget also called for a $25 billion capital plan for school construction, roads, transit, and environment and energy-related infrastructure projects to be funded through a partial lease of the state Lottery. The Governor’s other proposed sources of revenue included the securitization of state tobacco settlement funds, a pension obligation bond sale, and a sweep of special state funds, all of which were eventually rejected by the General Assembly.
- General Assembly-Approved FY 2009 Budget: The Legislature’s scramble to approve a budget before the May 31st deadline began only in the final weeks of the session with both chambers passing their own various versions of a new state budget. Those versions ranged from a zero-growth budget to a budget bloated with more than $3 billion in new spending without the revenue to support it. House and Senate Democrat budgeteers would eventually meet in the final days of session to hammer out an agreement that would provide over $2 billion in new spending, with hefty increases for education and health and human service-related programs.
The FY 2009 budget, contained in four bills, would eventually clear both chambers sans Republican support and without any relief for the state’s growing Medicaid backlog or addressing the projected $750 million deficit for the current fiscal year. The House would also leave two Senate bills on the table that would have provided an additional $1 billion in revenue obtained through a controversial sale of pension bonds and special state funds sweeps.
House and Senate leaders are currently meeting with the Governor to discuss resolution on the budget, which must be in place by July 1st or the state risks a government shutdown. The Governor has the option of signing the budget, issuing line-item vetoes to balance it or vetoing the budget in its entirety, which would inevitably force lawmakers to return to Springfield for more special sessions.
- Illinois Works/Capital Budget: Under the Governor’s proposal for the state’s capital budget, referred to as Illinois Works, the price tag for a new statewide capital plan had originally been set at $25 billion, a figure that would eventually balloon to more than $34 billion in the final days of the legislative session. The Governor commandeered the help of Dennis Hastert, the former Speaker of the U.S. House, and Glenn Poshard, the current president of SIU, to stir up support for the passage of a new capital budget, but legislators, particularly House Democrats, continued to stonewall the proposal. On the last day of the legislative session, the Senate passed the new $34 billion capital budget funded by a mix of gaming expansion and a partial lease of the Lottery, but that plan would ultimately fall flat in the House.
Healthcare:
- FamilyCare Expansion: After failing to secure any of his healthcare expansion proposals last year, the Governor attempted to bypass the legislature and expand the state’s current FamilyCare program to accommodate individuals and families up to 400% of the federal poverty level (approximately $80,000 a year for a family of 4) by way of an administrative rule. The Joint Committee on Administrative Rules, which is charged with approving agency-promulgated rules before implementation, twice rejected the administration’s proposal, but the Governor would later defy the ruling by directing the Department of Healthcare and Family Services to begin enrolling newly eligible individuals.
The Governor’s defiant move would later end up in court where a judge eventually granted an injunction to halt the expansion and discontinue services to thousands of individuals who had already enrolled under the expanded eligibility criteria. In the meantime, the Governor’s actions would also prompt the House to attach an amendment to hundreds of bills that may require the promulgation of rules to demand General Assembly action before any of those rules could be implemented. The “rules” amendment, as it came to be known, served as a source of disagreement between the House and Senate and ultimately prevented a number of bills from advancing to the Governor’s desk.
- Illinois Covered: The Governor first proposed his Illinois Covered plan last year that would have provided for a massive expansion in state-funded healthcare coverage supported almost entirely on the backs of small and medium-sized businesses through a 3% payroll tax. The proposal surfaced last year in legislation, but never re-surfaced legislatively this year, despite the Governor’s push to revive the proposal and threats from Senate Democrats that the program would be re-introduced.
While the House largely ignored the Governor’s Illinois Covered proposal, that chamber did take the surprising step this year to allow a bill to advance to the floor that proposed an even more drastic step towards single-payer universal coverage. HB 311 sought state-funded coverage for all Illinoisans, regardless of health status, citizenship, or state residency requirements while prohibiting private insurance companies and providers from operating in the state. The legislation was never called for a final vote.
- Chamber’s Wellness Initiative: The Chamber pursued legislation this year that would have extended some of the same advantages currently afforded to large, self-insured companies, to smaller, privately-insured companies by allowing private insurers to offer incentives for employee enrollment in wellness programs. The Chamber introduced the initiative in both the House and Senate, but like many widely supported bills, the legislation would ultimately fall victim to the House and Senate tug-of-war over the addition of the “rules” amendment language.
- Healthcare Coverage Mandates: Each year, dozens of bills emerge that threaten to pile on additional coverage mandates that ultimately increase the cost of health insurance to individuals and employers even more. This year was no exception as the number of coverage mandate bills seemed to increase. One of the largest mandates to surface this year was SB 1900 that would have required group and individual insurance policies to provide up to $36,000 of annual coverage for a wide range of treatment services for children with autism spectrum disorders. Despite the Chamber’s efforts to alleviate the bill’s costs on small employers, the legislation passed overwhelmingly in both the House and Senate before falling victim to the “rules” amendment.
The Chamber was also involved in extensive negotiations on a similar bill that would have provided a more comprehensive approach to mandated coverage for habilitative services, including occupational, physical, and speech therapies, for children under the age of 19 with congenital or genetic birth defects. HB 5595 was eventually amended to eliminate the Chamber’s outstanding concerns, but like the Chamber’s wellness bill and SB 1900, the legislation was also prevented from moving to the Governor’s desk by the “rules” amendment.
Other coverage mandates that did clear both chambers and now await action from the Governor include:
- Mandatory reimbursement for marriage counseling under mental health services coverage.
- Mandatory coverage for the treatment of anorexia and bulimia.
- Mandatory coverage for the “shingle” vaccine if the patient is age 60 or older and the vaccine has been ordered by a physician.
- Coverage extensions for college students with health coverage that are forced to leave school or drop down to part-time status due to illness or injury.
- PBM Licensure: The Chamber participated in extensive negotiations over a measure that sought to impose strict licensure and regulation requirements on Pharmacy Benefits Managers (PBMs) operating in Illinois. The proposal, which has been pursued by the Illinois Pharmacists Association for the past several years, failed yet again to produce any sort of compromise and HB 5614, as amended, was never called for a vote in the Senate.
- Hospital Assessment: Earlier this year, the Chamber supported an effort to secure $1.2 billion in funding owed to hospitals under the state’s current Hospital Assessment Program. That crucial funding was finally secured in late April, allowing the state to access $600 million in federal Medicaid dollars and ease some of the tremendous financial strains on hospitals.
The assessment program, however, still had another major obstacle to overcome this session, as the current program is set to expire on June 30th. Due to stricter federal standards for the program, legislators, hospitals, and the healthcare community were left with the daunting task of designing the extended program so that it meets with federal approval while still creating a level playing field for hospitals throughout the state. The legislature finally signed off on legislation (SB 2857) authorizing a new 5-year state hospital assessment program on the last day of the legislative session providing hospitals with an additional $640 million a year. The newly authorized program is still subject to the Governor’s and federal approval before it can be fully implemented.
Energy/Environment:
- Climate Change Legislation: The Chamber’s focus early in the session was on the potential legislation that could emerge from recommendations forwarded by the Governor’s Illinois Climate Change Advisory Group. Formed by executive order in 2006, the advisory group consisted largely of environmental groups with some business and industry representation. The group was charged with pursuing aggressive climate change regulations that would force the state towards the Governor’s ambitious greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal.
Many of the group’s recommendations did later surface in House and Senate legislation that sought to impose sweeping climate change mandates on businesses with the exception of the group’s most controversial proposal to impose a carbon tax that could cost state businesses billions of dollars. The House and Senate legislation, however, only advanced so far as providing a springboard for subject matter hearings on climate change policies and the carbon tax proposal would never emerge beyond the group’s draft recommendations.
- Car Emission Standards: Although a proposal that would require Illinois to implement California’s controversial Low Emissions Vehicle Program (CA LEV) has been pending in the General Assembly since last year, environmental groups made a last-minute push to advance the House legislation before the close of the legislative session. The vehicle emission standards proposed under HB 3424 are much stricter than the new federal emission standards which auto dealers and manufacturers already acknowledge will add several hundred dollars to the price of a new vehicle. Proponents of the legislation were ultimately not successful in stirring up enough support for passage of the legislation and the bill currently remains in the House.
- Clean Coal: In the final days of the legislative session, environmental groups teamed up with the Attorney General’s office in an attempt to pass another piece of legislation that would have required utilities to supply a certain amount of electricity powered by a clean coal power plant that has yet to be constructed. The legislation would have cleared the way for Nebraska-based Tenaska to develop a clean coal power plant in Taylorville, Illinois, which could end up costing billions of dollars to construct with little regulatory oversight. The Chamber and the major utility companies successfully fought back the proposal, arguing the measure threatened to undo months of utility regulation negotiations last year by raising rates for businesses and consumers.
- Flood Prevention: The Chamber worked closely with Senator Haine on legislation that will protect thousands of residences and businesses from skyrocketing flood insurance costs and potential economic devastation in the Madison, St. Clair, and Monroe counties. SB 2052, which has now been signed into law, authorizes those three counties to approve a local sales tax to help pay for critical levee improvements in anticipation of federal decertification. The new law is considered very timely as much of southern Illinois is now facing some of the worst flooding in 15 years.
Labor/Employment Law:
- Structural Work Act: Despite a recent report released by the U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform that ranked Illinois among the worst five legal climates in the nation, House Democrats this year attempted to resurrect a controversial law that would have further poisoned the state’s legal climate and had a crippling effect on businesses in Illinois. The Structural Work Act (SWA) allowed an injured worker to sue everyone involved in a construction project, regardless of fault, while still collecting workers’ compensation benefits before that Act was finally repealed 13 years ago. HB 2094, however, attempted to reinstate the archaic law that would have left numerous Illinois employers vulnerable to an onslaught of lawsuits while costing businesses millions of dollars in increased insurance and legal costs. The legislation was able to clear a House committee, but was never able to muster the support necessary for passage in the full House.
- Minimum Wage Increase for Teens: With businesses already facing the second increase in the state’s minimum wage increase schedule on July 1st, legislators attempted to push legislation this year that would also require businesses to pay the same minimum wage to employees under the age of 18 as the wage earned by adult employees. Illinois’ minimum wage will increase to $7.75 per hour this summer while businesses can legally pay teen workers 50 cents less. HB 5141 not only threatened to impose even more costs on Illinois businesses, it also threatened to create problems for teenagers seeking summer employment in an already competitive job market. The legislation managed to make its way to the Senate floor, but it remained there at the close of the session.
- Prevailing Wage: The Senate was also poised to act on another piece of legislation that would have forced Illinois businesses to yet again absorb higher costs while discouraging critical economic development activities. HB 773 proposed extending the Prevailing Wage Act to all projects in an enterprise zone or a TIF district, meaning projects that are 100% financed from private sources will be forced to pay prevailing wage. The current law only applies prevailing wage to public works projects. Although Senate sponsors of the bill threatened to attach an amendment that made these changes, that amendment was never filed and the legislation remains in the Senate.
- E-Verify: Last year, Illinois enacted a law that prohibited Illinois employers from using the E-Verify system for immigration purposes, but that law later became the subject of a federal lawsuit and employers have been able to continue registering with the system. SB 1878 attempted to clarify the state’s E-Verify law, bringing it into federal compliance by eliminating the prohibition on employer participation and replacing it with provisions that simply discourage Illinois businesses from participating in the system until it can automatically verify work authorization status of 99% of employees. SB 1878, however, still prohibited the State of Illinois from using the E-Verify system. Despite receiving unanimous approval from the Senate earlier in the spring, the legislation hit some snags in the House and was unable to muster enough votes for final passage in that chamber.
Tax:
- Income Tax Increase: The Senate attempted to resurrect a proposal this year that would have imposed a 67% income tax increase on businesses and individuals in the state by taking the state corporate income tax from 4.8% to 8% and the personal income tax from 3% to 5%. The Senate had first flirted with this proposal several years ago while the House entertained similar legislation last year that advocates deemed as “education funding reform.” SB 2288, formerly known as HB/SB 750, has been portrayed as a “tax swap” education funding bill that would provide large annual funding increases for education while claiming to provide taxpayers nearly $3 billion in property tax relief. SB 2288, however, like its predecessors, did not address current budget deficit issues or guarantee taxpayers will not see any future property tax hikes, nor did it provide for any other long-term spending reforms. In the meantime, businesses would be forced to absorb over $1 billion in new taxes and with the addition of the 2.5% Personal Property Replacement Tax (PPRT), SB 2288 would have given Illinois one of the highest total corporate income tax rates in the country, second only to Iowa.
Although the legislation passed the Senate Education Committee early in the session, opponents of the legislation and legislators alike continued to question the timing of the legislation. In addition to the numerous problems from which the legislation already suffered, the pursuit of an income tax this year runs counterintuitive to the state’s and the nation’s current economic status, which is currently waivers on the edge of recession.
- Elimination of Flat Tax: The upcoming November election coupled with the economic slowdown may have made the idea of embracing an outright state income tax increase difficult to digest for many legislators, but it also inspired creative alternatives that sought constitutional changes to the state’s tax structure to open the doors to higher income taxes in the future. While numerous proposed constitutional amendments arose in both the House and Senate this year that would have eliminated the constitutional guarantee of a flat tax rate in Illinois, only two of those proposals were given the opportunity to receive a full vote in either chamber.
The first of these proposals, HJRCA 42, sought to double the personal income tax rate for individuals or married couples who earn $250,000 or more. The proposed constitutional change, however, also would have impacted some small businesses operating as Subchapter S corporations or limited liability companies (LLCs) that file using the personal income tax rate. HJRCA 42, however, failed in the House by a vote of 52-60.
The second proposal, SJRCA 92, took a different approach by seeking an outright elimination of the state’s flat income tax rate thereby leaving the door open for legislators to statutorily impose a graduated income tax on individuals and corporations. This alternative proposal, however, was no more popular than HJRCA 42 and only managed to receive 19 votes in support in the Senate.
- Carbon Emissions Tax: The Chamber launched an early coalition-building effort to combat a potential state-imposed carbon tax that would dramatically increase energy costs for both businesses and consumers. The carbon tax had been originally targeted in the draft recommendations of the Governor’s Climate Change Advisory Group as the main source of revenue to help the state achieve its ambitious greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal. The Chamber also believed that the Governor would suggest this tax as a proposed revenue source for his FY 2009 budget initiatives.
In 2008, Illinois is projected to generate almost 270 million metric tons of CO2 that, if taxed at the suggested rate of $10 per metric ton, would end up increasing taxes on utilities and other major industries by $2.7 billion. As in the case of last year’s Gross Receipts Tax (GRT), a new carbon tax would have driven thousands of businesses out of Illinois. Ultimately, the Chamber’s campaign to generate attention and opposition against the massive tax increase helped keep the Governor from pursuing the controversial tax this year.
- Loophole Closures: The Chamber spent much of last fall and early this year tirelessly negotiating crucial clean-up language to SB 1544- tax “loophole” legislation that passed last year. The business tax law changes created by SB 1544 were quickly shuttled through the legislature, but would have carried tremendous long-term ramifications for a wide variety of businesses. The Chamber was finally successfully in securing these changes in the FY 2008 budget implementation bill that was signed into law in January.
In the meantime, the Chamber continued to track any additional legislation that might have sought more tax “loophole” closures this year. Despite the Governor’s proposed FY 2009 budget address, which suggested another round of “loophole” closures, no such legislation was ever introduced this year.
Other Issues:
- Pay-to-Play/Ethics Reform: In the wake of the recent Rezko trial and the ongoing federal investigation into the Governor’s office regarding the awarding of state contracts for campaign contributions, legislators stepped up efforts late in the session to pass legislation that would prohibit major campaign donors from bidding on or receiving a state contract. The House had previously approved ethics reform legislation last year, but the Senate quietly refused to take up the legislation. The Senate reversed its treatment of the ethics reform issue, however, in the final weeks of session when both chambers unveiled an “agreed” bill.
The agreement, contained in HB 824, specifically seeks to ban businesses and individuals with state contracts or bids for a state contract totaling more than $50,000 from making a political contribution to any candidate or incumbent that will decide what entities will get a contract with the state. While the legislation did strengthen the law in terms of cracking down on “pay to play” politics, HB 824 also placed some onerous registration requirements on businesses. The Chamber attempted to secure changes to the legislation to reduce the administrative burden for businesses, but was only able to accommodate a couple of these changes before the House and Senate unanimously approved the legislation.
Both the House and Senate sponsors, however, have agreed to continue working with the Chamber to address the remaining outstanding concerns through trailer legislation.
- Recall: One of the more public issues to emerge out of the contentious session and the controversy surrounding the current administration was a proposal to allow Illinois citizens to recall an elected official. The Governor’s ongoing clash with legislators coupled with plummeting job approval ratings and a very public scandal that has moved ever closer to the Governor’s office prompted lawmakers in the House to pursue a proposed constitutional amendment that would allow for the recall of members of both the executive branch and the legislative branch. HJRCA 28 received a warm welcome in the House, but as with many issues that were perceived to have been generated by the legislators’ embattled relationship with the Governor, the proposal was not as welcomed by the Senate.
In the meantime, polls continued to show a high level of public support for a constitutional recall provision, prompting the Senate to eventually pursue their own constitutional amendment, which included locally elected officials and judges among those public officials that could be subject to recall. Although SJRCA 70 would receive a majority vote in favor of the new recall provisions in the Senate, it still fell shy of the three-fifths majority required for passage.
- Con Con: The upcoming November election will not only determine the next U.S. President, but also whether Illinois’ 38-year old Constitution may be subject to a rewrite. In approximately 4 months, voters will be asked to decide on a new Constitutional Convention, which, if approved by a majority of voters, will mean any and all constitutional provisions are vulnerable to change. While the process does not guarantee change will occur, the Chamber considers it a costly process that could make an otherwise sound document vulnerable to many of the same problems that currently plague the political process.
Despite the flurry of attempts to get individually proposed constitutional amendments on the 2008 ballot, such as the recall proposal, the ballot will only feature the main question of whether or not a convention should be called. Legislators did manage to follow through with their required preparations for the possible Con Con by establishing a Joint Committee for the Constitutional Convention Proposal (under HJR 111). This committee was charged with preparing materials related to the question of calling a constitutional convention. The legislative committee’s proposal was later captured in HJR 137 that set forth the required explanation of the proposed call for a Con Con, as well as an outline of arguments both for and against a new convention and the format of the ballot question.